Spectral domain OCT in the diagnosis of AMD

L'OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) is a recent technique that makes it possible to assess in vivo quantitative and qualitative changes in the macular region and optic nerve.
Introduced in 1991, OCT measures the reflection of light from the examined layers of the eye and has been validated for the diagnosis of macular diseases and in glaucoma. The images acquired are high-resolution and recently the Spectral Domain OCT, SDOCT (with a spectrometer instead of a mirror) which has a higher acquisition speed and theEDI-OCT, Enhanced Depth Imaging OCT, which also allows the study of the choroid.
Le main applications of OCT in the study of macula are:
1. Morphological study of the macular region.
2. Micron assessment of macular thickness.
3. Monitoring of therapeutic response in cases of AMD treated with anti-VEGF (even in the absence of leakage on fluorangiography).
Based on OCT, a new classification of AMD was formulated, linked to the location of CNVs:
1. under the pigmented epithelium
2. subretinal
3. intraretinal.

The most typical tomographic pictures present in AMD are:
1. Detachments of the pigmented epithelium (DEP)
2. Detachments of the neuroepithelium
3. Intraretinal cysts
4. Pigment epithelium ruptures
5. Areas of atrophy
6. Adherent epiretinal membrane.